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Bogstedt, A.K.; et al. "Passive Immunity Against Diarrhea," Acta Paediatr 8:125-128, 1996.
Bishop, GA, Haxhinasto, SA, Stunz, LL, Hostager, BS. Antigen-specific B-lymphocyte activation. Critical Reviews in Immunology 23(3):159-197 (2003). B cells have the exclusive ability to produce and secrete immunoglobulins of various types. They also function in antigen presentation and the production of a number of cytokines and chemokines.

Claes-Henrik, F., Chinenye, S., Elfstrand L., Hagman, C., Ihse, I., ColoPlus, A new product based on bovine colostrum, alleviates HIV-associated diarrhea. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2006; 41: 682-686.

Effects of Oral Dietary Supplementation with Ai/E¹º® Upon Natural Killer (NK) Cell Activity in a Healthy Human Population. Quantum Research, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona (2001).

Floren, CH, Chinenye, S, Elfstrand, L, Hagman, C, Ihse, I. ColoPlus, a new product based on bovine colostrum, alleviates HIV-associated diarrhea. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 41(6):682-686 (2006). HIV-associated diarrhea is common in AIDS patients in developing countries particularly. It is a major contributory factor in the decrease in the helper CD4+ T-cell population. ColoPlus is a product derived from bovine colostrum which is rich in immunoglobulins, growth factors, antibacterial peptides and nutrients. It is specially designed for slow passage through the gastrointestinal tract and high nutritional value. The study was undertaken to see if oral doses of ColoPlus could influence HIV-associated diarrhea. The study was done in Nigeria and included 30 patients with HIV-associated diarrhea. The patients were treated for 4 weeks in an open-labeled, non-randomized trial. Results of the study showed a marked reduction in stool evacuations per day from 7+-2.7 to 1.3+-0.5, a decrease in self-estimated fatigue of 81%, an increase in body weight of 7.3 kg per patient, and a 125% increase in CD4+ count.

Heaton, P. Bovine colostrum immunoglobulin concentrate for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS. Archives of Disease in Childhood 70(4):356-357 (1994).

Heinerman, John. Dr. Heinerman¹s Encyclopedia of Anti-Aging Remedies. Paramus:Prentice Hall, 1997; pp.85-86.

Harmsen, M. C.; Swart, P. J.; Bethune, M.; Pauwels, R.; De Clercq, E.; et al. "Antiviral Effects of Plasma and Milk Proteins: Lactoferrin Shows Potent Activity against Both Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus Replication In Vitro," Journal of Infectious Diseases. 172:380-8, 1995.

Janusz, M, Staroscik, K, Zimecki, M, Wieczorek, Z, Lisowski, J. A proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) with immunoregulatory properties isolated from ovine colostrum. Murine thymocytes have on their surface a receptor specific for PRP. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis (Warszava) 34(4):427-436 (1986). PRP has immunoregulatory properties. It induces the maturation of thymocytes into mature helper or suppressor T cells.

Julius, MH, Janusz, M, Lisowski, J. A colostral protein that induces the growth and differentiation of resting B lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 140(5):1366-371 (1988). PRP induced resting B cells and supported their progression through the cell cycle to form mature B cells. It had the same action on splenocytes.

Nord; DiJohn; Tripori; Tacket. “Treatment with Bovine Hyperimmune Colostrum of Cryptosporidial Diarrhea in AIDS Patients” AIDS. 4(6):581-584, 1990.
Nowa; McMichael. "How HIV Defeats the Immune system" Scientific American. Aug:58-65, 1995.

Pizza, G, Chiodo, F, Colangeli, V, Gritti, F, Raise, E, Fudenberg, HH, De Vinci, C, Viza, D. Preliminary observations using HIV-specific transfer factor in AIDS. Biotherapy 9(1-3):4-47 (1996). 25 HIV infected patients at various stages (CDC stages II-IV) were treated with HIV-specific transfer factor (PRP) for periods of 60-1870 days. All patients were receiving antiviral treatment as well. Clinical improvement or a stabilized clinical condition was observed in 20 of the 25, and 12 of 14 anergic patients showed restored delayed hypersensitivity reactions to recall antigens within 60 days. Treatment was well-tolerated and appears beneficial to AIDS patients.

Palmer,E.L. et al. Antiviral Activity of Colostrum and Serum Immunoglobulins A and G. J. Med. Virol. 5:123-129. 1980.

Plettenberg, A, et al. A preparation from bovine colostrum in the treatment of HIV-positive patients with chronic diarrhea. Clinical Investigator 71(1):42-45 (1993).

Raise, E, Guerra, L, Viza, D, Pizza, G, De Vinci, C, Schiattone, ML, Rocaccio, L, Cicognani, M, Gritti, F. Preliminary results in HIV-1-infected patients treated with transfer factor (TF) and zidovudine (ZDV). Biotherapy 9(1-3):49-54 (1996).

Richie, J.; “Update on the Management of Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis in AIDS” Ann.Pharmacother 28:767-778, 1994.

Rump, J. A.; Aarndt, R.; Arnold, A.; Bendick, C.; Dichtelmuller, H.; Franke, M.; Helm, E. B.; Jager, H.; Kampmann, B.; Kolb, P.; et al. “Treatment of Diarrhoea in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients with Immunoglobulins from Bovine Colostrum” Clin Investig. 70(7):588-594,(1992).

Stephan, W.; et al. "Antibodies from Colostrum in Oral Immunotherapy" J. Clinical Biochem. 28:19-23, 1990.

Shield, J, Melville, C, Novelli, V, Anderson, G, Scheimberg, I, Gibb, D, Milla, P. Bovine colostrum immunoglobulin concentrate for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS. Archives of Disease in Childhood 69(4):451-453 (1993).

Shield J, Melville C, Novelli V, Anderson G, Scheimberg I, Gibb D, Milla P. Arch Dis Child. 1993 Oct;69(4):451-3. Related Articles, Links, Bovine colostrum immunoglobulin concentrate for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS.Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, London.

Shi, M, Hao, S, Chan, T, Xiang, J. CD4+ T cells stimulate memory CD8+ T cell expansion via acquired pMHC I complexes and costimulatory molecules, and IL-2 secretion. Journal of Leukocyte Biology (2006). CD8+ memory T cell expansion following a second encounter with a pathogen is a hallmark of adaptive immunity. Antigen-specific CD4+ cells, activated by dendritic cells, stimulate the this expansion of CD8+ cells.

Unger, B. L. P.; et al. “Cessation of Cryptosporidium-Associated Diarrhea in AIDS Patients After Treatment with Hyperimmune Bovine Colostrum” Gastroenterology. 98:486-489, 1990.

Zablocka, A, Janusz, M, Rybka, K, Wirkus-Romanowska, I, Kupryszewski, G, Lisowski, J. Cytokine-inducing activity of a proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) from ovine colostrum and its active nonapeptide fragment analogs. European Cytokine Network 12(3):462-467 (2001). PRP induces the production of INF-g, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 in human whole blood cultures.

Zimecki, M, Artym, J. [Therapeutic properties of proteins and peptides from colostrum and milk] Post?py Higieny i Medycyny Doswiadczalnej 59:309-323 (2005). Colostrum and milk are rich in peptides and proteins which play an active role in innate immunity. PRP has a variety of immunotropic functions, including the promotion of T cell maturation and inhibition of autoimmune disorders.

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