Hayashida, K, Kaneko, T, Takeuchi, T, Shimizu, H, Ando, K, Harada, E. (2004). Oral administration of lactoferrin inhibits inflammation and nociception in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 66(2):149-54. Lactoferrin is an immunomodulator and has also been found to produce micro-opioid receptor-mediated analgesia. In an rat experimental arthritis model, bovine lactoferrin suppressed the development of the arthritis and lessened the pain (as determined by hyperalgesia of the infected paw). Lactoferrin also suppressed TNF-alpha (pro-inflammatory) production and increased IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) production. Thus lactoferrin has both preventive and therapeutic effects on both the inflammation and pain associated with arthritis.

Hraba, T, Wieczorek, Z, Janusz, M, Lisowski, J, Zimecki, M. Effect of proline-rich polypeptide on experimental autoimmune response to erythrocytes. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis (Warszava) 34(4):437-443 (1986).

Nitsch, A, Nitsch, FP. Clinical use of bovine colostrum. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 13(2) (1998). A colostrum preparation was used clinically to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis with good results.

Sokal, I, Janusz, M, Miecznikowska, H, Kupryszewski, G, Lisowski, J. Effect of colostrinin, an immunomodulatory proline-rich polypeptide from ovine colostrum, on sialidase and beta-galactosidase activities in murine thymocytes. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis (Warszava) 46(3):193-198 (1998).

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